lspci -k

The lspci -k command is a powerful Linux utility used to list all PCI buses and devices connected to the system. It actively displays which kernel driver is handling each piece of hardware. If there are any devices without a "Kernel Driver in use:" line, or, nothing listed after it on the line. Your Linux system hasn't loaded a driver for that device.

Breakdown

lspci: Lists all PCI (Peripherial Component Interconnect) buses and devices attached to your motherboard (such as GPUs, audio cards, and network adapters).
-k: Shows which Kernel driver is handling the device, and which kernel modules are available for it.

If you execute this on an Intel based machine made by Dell, it will output something like this (well, if you put '...' in place of a few dozen lines in the middle,it might):

Sample Output

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 0428
        Kernel modules: intel_agp

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 0428
        Kernel Driver in use: i915
        Kernel modules: i915

00:16.0 Commuunication controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller (rev 06)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 0428
        Kernel Driver in use:  mei_me
        Kernel modules: mei_me

00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 05)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 0428
        Kernel Driver in use: ehci-pci
        Kernel modules: ehci-pci

...
        ...
        ...

3f:02.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Link 0 (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 8086

3f:02.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core 1st Generation Core i3/5/7 Processor QPI Physical 0 (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 8086

3f:02.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 8086

3f:02.3 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Dell Device 8086

The -k flag tells lspci to show both the kernel drivers managing the hardware and the kernel modules available for use. When you run the command in your terminal, it generates output grouped by the PCI slot address (e.g., 3f:02.0), followed by:

Key Points

The Device Class (e.g., VGA compatible controller, Ethernet controller).
The Hardware Vendor and Model.
Kernel driver in use: The specific active driver currently operating the device.
Kernel Modules: Other available drivers capable of operating the device.

Depending on what you are working on, one of these similar commands may be useful.

Variants

To check Wi-Fi (wireless) PCI information:
lspci -nnk |grep -iA3 "network"
To see a tree diagram of the PCI hierarchy:
lspci -tv
Don't see your device in the output:
Your hardware might be connected via USB instead of PCI.
lsusb

lspci -k

Breakdown

Sample Output

Key Points

Variants

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